Ethereum Advances leanVM Project for Post-Quantum Signature Aggregation

Ethereum developers are progressing on leanVM, a minimal zero-knowledge virtual machine built to aggregate hash-based leanXMSS post-quantum signatures to replace BLS validator signatures. While researcher Justin Drake announced that leanVM achieved end-to-end formal verification, subsequent reporting indicates verification remains underway and the tool is not yet production-ready. Capable of handling over 1,000 aggregations per second, leanVM falls under Ethereum's long-term L* consensus and data milestone. The Ethereum Foundation outlined a revised target of December 2028 for a full network transition to post-quantum security.